Florida Snakes: The Complete Identification Guide [With Pictures]

Snakes inspire fear and fascination throughout the United States. They also form an important part of our natural and cultural landscape.

Florida, in particular, has a reputation for harboring giant, troublesome serpents.

There are 46 native Florida snake species, many of which are quite common. A few non-native snakes have also been introduced from other parts of the world.

Fortunately, only six of these species are venomous. All are harmless if left undisturbed!

Most people rarely encounter snakes in the wild. If you do happen to see one, the best advice is always to leave it alone.

Encounters are most likely in natural spaces like swamps, woodlands, and prairies. Sometimes, snakes can also wind up in human-inhabited areas.

This guide will help you to safely coexist with these incredible, wild animals.

Be sure to also check out the list of helpful contacts included at the bottom of this article.

In Short

• Snakes inhabit natural spaces throughout the state of Florida.
• They are especially active during the warmer months.
• Florida snakes – like all snakes – view humans as dangerous predators. They are far more afraid of you than you are of them
• Of the 46 native species, 40 are completely harmless to humans
• There are six Florida snake species that can deliver a life-threatening bite. Still, deaths from snakebites in the US are exceedingly rare. Snakes will only bite when provoked.
• It is wise to avoid approaching or disturbing snakes. Most snake bites result from an attempt to move or kill the animal.
• 40 of Florida’s snake species belong to the “colubrid” (pronounced col-ooh-brid) family. The rest include five vipers and one elapid (the coral snake).
• Florida also harbors pythons and other non-native snake species. Conservationists are fighting to prevent “invasive” species from out-competing native ones.

Snake Identification Basics

Many of Florida snakes can look similar to the untrained eye.

I have seen experienced herpetologists make potentially deadly mistakes when identifying wild snakes. Caution is always recommended.

Luckily, there are ways to quickly identify venomous species.

Appearance can vary greatly within a species. Always consider several features before reaching a conclusion.

These methods only apply to Florida snakes. They should not be used elsewhere in the world.

Quickly Identifying Venomous Species

Venomous snakes can look highly similar to their non-venomous kin. It is not always easy to tell these snakes apart from other species.

Always stay calm and avoid physical contact with snakes where possible. It is better to be “safe” than “sorry”.

Most of the Venomous Snakes in Florida Are Pit Vipers

Five of the six venomous species in Florida are pit vipers.

Members of this group share a handful of key characteristics.

As their name suggests, pit vipers possess sensory pits. They are found on each side of the head, between the nostril and the eye.

Three of the five pit vipers in Florida are rattlesnakes. These snakes possess a “rattle” at the end of their tail. They may use this to produce a “buzzing” sound when threatened.

Note that young rattlesnakes lack an obvious rattle. Newborns may not produce this sound when disturbed. Young snakes can still produce enough venom to hospitalize an adult human.

Another trait shared by all pit vipers is their broad, triangular head. Colubrids tend to have a narrow head by comparison. Many people use this trait to identify snakes, but it is far from perfect.

Some harmless Florida colubrid species will mimic this shape when threatened. Water snakes and hognose snakes do this often. These harmless species can be mistaken for vipers as a result.

Water snakes and cottonmouths can be tricky to set apart. Both tend to be found near water. Both can be dark olive/brown in color. Water snakes can also flatten their bodies to mimic the shape of a cottonmouth.

Key differences include black bands on the “lips” of most harmless water snakes. These snakes also have large eyes – visible from above the head.

As pit vipers, cottonmouths possess visible pits on either side of the head. These snakes’ heads are also exceptionally broad. A black “facial mask” pattern is usually present. Their necks are visibly slimmer than their heads.

A final way to identify Florida vipers is by their pupils.

Viper pupils mostly appear as vertical slits. Harmless Florida colubrids have round pupils like those of a human.

Viper pupils can appear round when dilated (in low light). Round pupils do not always guarantee a harmless snake. If a Florida snake does have vertical pupil slits, it is likely a pit viper.

The eastern diamond rattlesnake is the deadliest snake in the US and can be found in our article on the most venomous snakes in the world.

How to Identify Coral Snakes

The Eastern coral snake is the other venomous species found in Florida. As an elapid, it looks entirely different from the pit vipers.

It has a thin, tubular body and a blunt, rounded head. It is known for having distinctive warning coloration. These bright bands of red, yellow, and black serve as a polite warning not to approach.

This color pattern makes the coral snake easy to spot. However, there is one common colubrid with similar markings.

This doppelgänger, the scarlet kingsnake is a species many want to keep around. It preys on other snakes (including venomous ones). Fearsome as it sounds, it is harmless to humans. It can be easy to confuse these species.

Many Floridians will swear by the old saying:

“Red touches yellow – kills a fellow. Red touches black – friend of Jack”

Both snakes can have red, black, and yellow/white bands. The rhyme implies that the yellow bands of the coral snake usually “touch” its red bands.

The yellow bands of a harmless kingsnake do not usually “touch” its red bands. The two are usually separated by black bands.

This rhyme has been around for generations and can be a good rule of thumb for species east of the Mississippi. Unfortunately, it is not always this simple.

Coral snakes, like all snakes, can exhibit a range of colors and patterns (“morphs”). It is not always safe to assume a snake is harmless based on markings alone.

If you are not 100% sure of the identity of any snake, exercise care.

Which Snakes Live in Florida?

Florida is second only to Texas in terms of US reptile diversity.

In this section, we’ll list all 46 native snake species and discuss some of the non-native species found in the state.

We’ll also provide information about some of the Sunshine state’s most common – and most iconic – serpents.

Most Common Snakes in Florida

For most people, knowing all 46 native species is just too much effort. Luckily, there are only a few that the average person is likely to come across.

That is, unless you are incredibly lucky.

According to scientists at the University of Florida, these are the native snakes most likely to be found in urban areas.

• Water snakes
• Rat snakes
• Black racer
• Ring-necked snake
• Garter snakes
• Rough green snake
• Certain pit vipers
  • Cottonmouth
  • Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
  • Pygmy Rattlesnake
• Coral Snake

Below, we will list some of the key characteristics of these common species.

Water Snakes

Rat Snakes

Black Racer

Ringneck Snake

 Garter Snakes

Rough Green Snake

Iconic Florida Snake Species

Snakes capture the imaginations of many people – and for many different reasons.

“Herping” has become a national pastime in America. This involves finding and photographing wild reptiles and amphibians.

“Herpers” – like “birders” – are often drawn to bizarre, colorful, and rare species.

In these circles, Floridians have serious bragging rights!

Here are a few of the state’s most iconic snake species.

Eastern Indigo Snake

The Eastern indigo snake belongs to the genus Drymarchon – meaning “Lord of the Forest” – and for good reason!

It is the longest snake species native to North America. The largest specimens may exceed 9 ft in length!

What’s more, it is covered in large, iridescent scales. These scales are typically glossy black but can appear bluish in certain lights.

For this reason, the Eastern Indigo snake is considered among the most beautiful snakes in America.

Unfortunately, it is believed to be in decline due to habitat loss throughout its range.

Mud Snake

Mud snakes (Farancia abacura) are elusive creatures.

They feed mostly on giant salamanders and rarely leave their swampy domain.

The sight of a mud snake sparks joy in many people due to their striking coloration (and odd reputation).

Mud snakes rarely bite when handled. Instead, they tend to harmlessly “prod” their captor with their pointed tail. This behavior may have spawned the “hoop snake” myth in American folklore.

Fun Fact: “Hoop snakes” were thought to possess a venomous spine at the end of their tail. They would attack by biting their tail, rolling downhill, and then suddenly straightening out – skewering their victim.

Rainbow Snake

The rainbow snake (Farancia erytrogramma) is a close relative of the mud snake.

Like the mud snake, it is a mostly-aquatic species. It inhabits clear, fresh waters of the Southeast and feeds mostly on eels.

As their name suggests, rainbow snakes possess incredible coloration. They are mostly blue-black with glossy scales and three red stripes on their upper surface. Many rainbow snakes also possess fiery red and yellow scales along their flanks and on either side of the jaw.

Unfortunately, its is very hard to find images of the rainbow snake that we can use on our website. Don’t worry, you can easily find some yourself!

Short-Tailed Snake

These small snakes may not be as eye-catching as other species on this list, but they are just as special.

The short-tailed snake is endemic to the forests and scrublands of central Florida. This means that it is found nowhere else in the world.

The short-tailed snake is considered “Near Threatened” by the IUCN. This means that populations may be at risk of extinction if habitat loss is not halted.

Leading causes of habitat loss in Florida are residential developments, agricultural plantations, and mining activities.

This species can easily mistaken for the pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius) due to similarity in pattern and color.

Native Species (By Family)

Colubrids (Non-Venomous and/or Rear-Fanged Species)

Colubridae is the largest family of snakes. North American colubrids are all harmless to humans. Though they can bite, they lack the complex venom of other groups.

The eastern indigo snake – a colubrid – is the nation’s longest snake. It reaches over seven feet in length! Most are quite small and slender.

Colubrids may prey on rodents, fish, frogs, and even other snakes!

Some, such as the corn snake, are popular pets. This is due to their small size, harmless bite, and docile nature.

Florida’s native colubrids (not including subspecies) are as follows:

Vipers (Rattlesnakes and Pit Vipers)

The viper family (Viperidae) encompasses species around the globe. All vipers present in America are classified as “pit vipers”, with heat-sensitive pit organs.

Pit vipers are short, stocky snakes with needle-like fangs. These fangs can fold away in the jaw until needed.

All vipers possess a potent venom. Some of Florida’s species can inflict a fatal bite. Despite this fierce reputation, vipers fear humans as much as any other snake.

The timber rattlesnake and copperhead only occur in Northern Florida. Other vipers can be found throughout the state.

Fun Fact: Female vipers are even known to have a “softer side”, seen rarely among reptiles. Female vipers have been found to remain with their young, likely for protection, until their first shed. It has been suggested that some vipers may even “snuggle” their siblings for warmth!

The following viper species can be found in Florida:

Elapids (Coral Snakes)

The Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) is Florida’s only native elapid. It is venomous, and found throughout the state.

Elapidae is a family that includes cobras, sea snakes, and coral snakes.

These snakes have sharp fangs that remain fixed in position (unlike the folding fangs of vipers). Fangs are at the front of the jaw.

This group includes some of the planet’s most deadly species, such as the Australian King Brown snake.

Non-Native and Invasive Species

As mentioned, Florida does also harbor some non-native snake species. Some are thought to have arrived in shipments of goods from overseas. Others may have escaped from captivity.

Non-native species prey upon native animals and compete with others for food. Some species can form populations that grow rapidly. These are known as “invasive” species.

Invasive species pose a serious threat to Florida’s fragile ecosystems. Florida scientists are battling to keep them under control.

Pythons

The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is among the most infamous invasive creatures in the world. It is also one of the largest snake species. These colossal reptiles can exceed 20 feet in length, and weigh over 150 pounds!

The Burmese python is native to the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. It is common in zoos, aquariums, and private pet collections.

It is believed that Florida’s python problem began with Hurricane Andrew. During the storm, many pythons escaped from breeding facilities.

The near-tropical climate of South Florida allowed these snakes to thrive. Today, they are mostly found in the Everglades, where they kill and eat local wildlife.

Their diet includes opossums, raccoons, and white-tailed deer.

Large pythons have even been known to prey on alligators.

Blind Snakes

The flowerpot snake (Indotyphlops braminus) is found in gardens throughout Florida. Unlike pythons, flowerpot snakes reach only two to four inches in length.

The flowerpot snake lacks venom and is harmless to humans. It feeds on worms and other soil invertebrates, dwelling in underground burrows.

What You Need to Know about Florida Snakes

As any Floridian will tell you, snakes are a common sight in the Sunshine State.

Though many people are fearful of snakes, it is vital to respect these creatures.

All snakes are harmless to humans when left undisturbed. Give them plenty of space!

This is true for any wild animal.

Many species are difficult to spot, and can sometimes be stepped on. Tread carefully when travelling or working in potential snake habitat. It helps to wear sturdy footwear wherever possible.

It is also important to know if there are venomous Florida snakes in your region and what to do if you encounter them.

Snake bites are rare in the United States, and fatalities even rarer. Most bites are entirely avoidable with these simple precautions.

Fun Fact: 98% of US bites are a result of interfering with wild snakes

Fun Fact: You are more likely to be struck by lightning than die from a venomous snakebite in the US

If you are still worried about snakes after reading this article:

Visit your local zoo or reptile house. Observe them in a safe, controlled environment, and you’ll find that snakes are actually incredibly timid creatures.

Coexisting with Florida Snakes

Snakes have an important job to do in Florida. These reptiles form a vital part of the regional ecosystem.

Many snakes help to control populations of rodents, ticks, and other pests. This can prevent the spread of disease.

Some harmless species (such as kingsnakes) even kill and eat their venomous cousins!

Snakes also provide a source of food for other predators, such as birds.

So – whether you like them or not – preservation of these critters is crucial. We need them around to keep Florida’s wilderness healthy and wild!

Living with snakes is nothing to be afraid of. Though it may be challenging, fears can be overcome through education and safe exposure.

Snake Safety 101

About Venomous Snakes

Many snakes can deliver a painful bite when provoked, but few are considered truly dangerous to humans.

Venomous snakes possess a cocktail of toxins used to subdue their prey.

When threatened, snakes will use this venom in self-defense.

There are six venomous Florida snake species. A bite from one of these critters will almost certainly land you in the hospital.

Fatal snake bites do occur, but they are a rarity in the US. This is mostly thanks to the accessibility of antivenom treatment.

Fortunately, all snakes are shy creatures by nature. They prefer to avoid human interaction at all costs.

That said, it is wise to exercise caution in venomous snake habitat.

Treading Carefully in Snake Habitat

Snakes will only bite humans if they are harassed or stepped on.

Watch your step in areas of potential snake habitat. Florida snakes are most common near swamps, creeks, woodlands, and prairies. Try to remain on trails and footpaths wherever possible.

Keep pets on a leash in and around these areas.

Wear sturdy footwear (ideally, leather or rubber boots extending above the ankle). Avoid picking up sticks and other items with your bare hands.

Many species will slither away from the vibrations of your feet. Others may remain still to avoid being spotted. For this reason, some pit vipers are more likely to be stepped on than other snakes.

Pit vipers can be found in all regions of the State of Florida.

If You Encounter a Snake in Florida

If you are lucky enough to encounter a Florida snake in the wild, remain calm. There is no reason to fear being “chased”, “attacked” or “eaten”.

Snakes do not eat human beings. All species will view you as a predator rather than a food source.

When cornered, some snakes may put on a threatening display to try and scare you off. This is only out of fear of being eaten themselves!

98% of US snake bites happen due to somebody interfering with a wild snake. Never try to move or kill the animal.

Since most snakes are harmless, they rarely present an issue to landowners. Nuisance wildlife trappers can remove venomous snakes from unwanted areas. Trappers can be found throughout the state.

See “Useful Resources” section later in this article for helpful contacts.

Instead of trying to interact with the snake, observe from a safe distance. Enjoy this fascinating chance to see such an elusive creature in its natural habitat!

When to Call for Help

You may need to call for help if a snake is somewhere on your property that could present a hazard:

Call a professional agency or animal control. See “useful Contacts” section for a list of wildlife trappers licensed in Florida.

Remember, harmless snakes (and their eggs) are good to keep around. Many will feed on disease-harboring pests.

If you are bitten by a venomous snake – dial 911 and seek immediate medical assistance. Antivenom is most effective when administered within four hours of a bite.

If you believe that your pet has been bitten, seek veterinary attention. You can also call the ASPCA poisoning hotline for advice. You’ll find their phone number in “useful contacts” section.

Useful Resources

Check out the next section for emergency contacts and further information.

You can also check out our list of reptile books for beginners and experts alike.

Emergency Poisoning Advice:

Poison Control Center’s National Hotline – 1-800-222-1222

(For pets) American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Poisoning Hotline: 1-888-426-4435

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Snake Relocation Services:

• “Free Snake Removal Directory” – A Facebook group with members across the USA willing to safely relocate snakes for free:
• Nuisance Wildlife Trapper List

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Educational Resources:

• Preventing Interactions Between Children and Snakes
• Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
• Inaturalist, a helpful tool to identify and catalog snakes and other wildlife:
• Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation

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Hopefully, you’re now an expert on Florida snakes!

Interested in caring for Florida snakes in captivity? You might want to look at our Expert Corn Snake Care Sheet or 15 Best Pet Snakes for Beginners to Successfully Own & Enjoy. 

Or maybe you’re curious about animals that live a couple of state lines over. Then check out the Texas Rat Snake and Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Georgia, Virginia, Michigan, Tennessee snakes guide here.